In compliance with current regulations, let us know which audience you belong to:
Posterior Segment
— ABOUT RETINA
The Posterior Segment of the eye comprises crucial structures like the retina, optic nerve, and vitreous body, and it plays a vital role in processing visual information.
Retina, operating as a camera’s film, captures incoming light, transforms it into neural signals, and transmits these signals via the optic nerve to the brain, facilitating vision.
Each retina’s component plays a role in maintaining the retina’s ability to process visual information efficiently and accurately.
Photoreceptors, primarily rods and cones in the retina, are key for vision by converting light into neural signals.
Rods, sensitive to low light, enable night vision, while cones, located in the central macula, handle sharp, detailed vision and color perception under higher light levels.
Behind these, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supports visual processing and retinal health through nutrient transport, light absorption, and oxidative stress protection.
Damage to photoreceptors and the RPE, as seen in conditions like age-related macular degeneration, can significantly impair vision.
—AMD
AMD—leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world
AMD is a progressive retinal disease that irreversibly impairs vision by damaging the macula, primarily affecting photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
NORMAL VISION
MACULAR DEGENERATION
AMD Risk Factors
HYPERTENSION
CIGARETTE SMOKING
FAMILY HISTORY
NUTRITION
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
AGE
HYPERCHOLESTROLEMIA
Estimates suggest that nearly 50 million people worldwide are affected by AMD.
Pathogenesis & Classification
HEALTY MACULA
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves complex factors including drusen formation, which significantly contributes to the disease’s progression.
DAMAGED MACULA
Drusen, accumulations of lipids, proteins, and debris between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane, are not adequately cleared by RPE cells. Their presence is a key risk factor for advancing to severe stages of AMD.
There are two main forms of AMD and they affect the eye in different ways:
— Dry (Atrophic)
— Wet (Exudative)
—DRY AMD
Dry AMD
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is commonly classified based on its clinical presentation into early, intermediate, and late stages.
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) provided a detailed classification system that is widely used in research and clinical practice.
— OVERVIEW OF THE CLASSIFICATION
AREDS 1
(Low Risk)
An eye with no or few small drusen (AREDS 1) has a very low risk.
→ AREDS 2
(Moderate Risk)
In early AMD (AREDS 2), patients often have several small drusen or a few medium-sized drusen. There are generally no symptoms in the early stage of AMD.
→ AREDS 3
(Medium Risk)
Intermediate AMD (AREDS 3), is characterized by either many medium-sized drusen or one or more large drusen. There may also be changes in the pigmentation of the retina. Some people start to experience mild to moderate vision loss, but they may not notice any symptoms immediately. Difficulty seeing in low light, mild blurriness in central vision, and difficulty recognizing faces until very close to them can be signs.
AREDS 4
(High Risk)
Late/Advanced AMD (AREDS 4), is where the most significant vision loss occurs, and it is divided dry and wet.
—THE STATUS QUO
The Status Quo
“So far, no treatments have been proven to effectively prevent the onset of GA or to halt lesion enlargement and/or retard vision loss.[1]”
[1] CABRAL DE GUIMARAES TA, ET AL. “TREATMENTS FOR DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: THERAPEUTIC AVENUES, CLINICAL TRIALS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS”. BR J OPHTHALMOL. 2022;106(3):297-304.
UNMET CLINICAL NEEDS…UNTIL NOW
To address these unmet clinical needs in dry AMD, Photobiomodulation (PBM) emerges as a breakthrough solution.
This pioneering technology utilizes light therapy to stimulate cellular repair and regeneration, offering a promising avenue for dry AMD treatment, especially for those in the AREDS 3 and lower classifications.
PBM fills existing management gaps by providing a scientifically supported approach to potentially slow disease progression, safeguard vision, and enhance patients’ quality of life.
LM® LLLT, our patented PBM, utilizes light therapy for cell repair, offering hope for dry AMD by potentially slowing disease progression, preserving vision, and enhancing well-being.
eye-light®, our core solution, integrates patented PBM technology LM® LLLT for effective treatment of ocular surface conditions, now expanding into posterior segment management, starting with dAMD and CSC.